狄拉克的共享空间

ZZ自天涯 http://www.tianya.cn/publicforum/content/free/1/1592317.shtml

阅读下的材料，根据要求写一篇不少于800字的文章。　　　　
　　　　　 兔子是历届小动物运动会的短跑冠军，可是不会游泳。一次兔子被狼追到河边，差点被抓住。动物管理局为了小动物的全面发展，将小兔子送进游泳培训班，同班的还有小狗、小龟和小松鼠等。小狗、小龟学会游泳，又多了一种本领，心里很高兴：小兔子和小松鼠花了好长时间都没学会，很苦恼。培训班教练野鸭说：“我两条腿都能游，你们四条腿还不能游？成功的90%来自汗水。加油！呷呷！”
　　　　 评论家青蛙大发感慨：“兔子擅长的是奔跑！为什么只是针对弱点训练而不发展特长呢？”思想家仙鹤说：“生存需要的本领不止一种呀！兔子学不了游泳就学打洞，松鼠学不了游泳就学爬树嘛。”
　　
　　
　　兔子，你就是一个傻B
　　　　　　
　　　　 兔子啊兔子，看完了这篇报道，我不由得从心底里送你两个大字：傻B！　　
　　
　　　　 你也不想想，动物管理局是干什么的？管理动物的！狼是不是动物？你差点都被他吃了，管理局怎么连个屁都不放？为什么不惩罚狼反而逼兔子学游泳？如果管理局平常就主持公道怎么还会出现狼撵兔子的事儿？傻B兔子！
　　
　　　　 狼撵你到河边，管理局就忽悠你报游泳班，下回狼撵你到悬崖，他是不是还得忽悠你报飞行班？难道狼撵你，就为了吓唬你报这个班那个班？狼跟管理局局之间有没有不可告人的秘密？你有没有脑子啊！傻B兔子！
　　
　　　　 说你是傻B，你还就是傻B，你知道这个培训班是谁家开的？管理局开的！鸭子教练就是王八局长的小舅子！你还倒过来给他们交培训费。还“90%的汗水，加油！嘎嘎！”，我呸！他是鸭子，你也是鸭子？你也不想想，你们家自打你爷爷的爷爷那辈儿起就不会游泳，他管理局办几天班就能教会你游泳？这符合兔情吗？你培训费不是白交了？还有巴西龟、金毛，你们更傻，自己天生就会游泳，还去花这个冤枉钱，就为了考个证？没证他能不让你游了？没证狼吃了你白吃？说到这儿我还得说说你，金毛，你好歹也是名犬，面对坏蛋，就知道一味逃跑，还花钱去学怎么当落水狗，不害臊吗？
　　
　　　　 面对不法分子的侵害，管理局为什么不鼓励你们团结起来，奋起反抗，而是去学怎么逃跑？面对狼的威胁，现在不是学游泳的问题，不是多才多艺全面发展的问题，而是生存的大是大非问题！命都没了还学什么游泳？尸位素餐，我看这个动物管理局根本就没有存在的必要！行政不作为，与狼为奸，傻B兔子！
　　
　　　　 兔子，我骂你是因为你不争气，你自己有点儿独立意识好不好？人云亦云，别人说什么就是什么。鸭子说“我两条腿都能游，你们四条腿还不能游？”那是人话吗？照这么说，蜈蚣游得最快了。“成功的90%来自汗水”，呸！他当鸭子也算成功？当鸭子当得成功？你就学他吧，傻B兔子！
　　
　　　　 还有那两个专家，这帮精英吃饱了饭就会当吹鼓手。那个蛤蟆去年跳出来含泪我就烦他，“但在目前，不能急躁，因为还有更危急的事”——这不是他去年说的吗？现在狼患当前，算不算“更危急的事”？他又跳出来这弱点，那特长的，这叫转移视线，搅混水！傻B兔子！
　　
　　　　 那个仙鹤更白痴，“生存需要的本领不止一种！兔子学不了游泳就学打洞”。放屁，你都让人追到河边了，现打洞来得及吗？就这样专家的话你也信，傻B兔子！
　　
　　　　 狼撵你，是你兔子的错吗？你为什么不举报？这样的坏蛋不铲除，还有你的好？学游泳，惹不起你就躲得起吗？我告诉你，狗会狗刨，狼会游泳！狼是狗的祖宗！报班没用的，下次出门，最好带着修脚刀！
　　
　　 听我的话没错，傻B兔

转载自美国化学会C & En News，非常有启发性！

http://pubs.acs.org/cen/employment/87/8717employment.html

1. Know your audience.

Conferences tend to have audiences that are made up of attendees in closely aligned fields. Seminars at colleges and universities, on the other hand, are open to a mix of levels, ranging from undergraduate students to emeritus professors.

Nobel Laureate Roald Hoffmann, a theoretical chemist at Cornell University, gears all of his presentations to "an intelligent graduate student." Many other researchers also target that level.

2. Stick to the time allotted.

Whether you are given 10 minutes or an hour, plan and execute your talk accordingly—including time for questions. Nearly every scientist and engineer surveyed adamantly noted that the audience has given you their time, and you shouldn't abuse it by running long.

To monitor your time while talking, glance at a clock, a muted cell phone, the built-in timer on a remote slide advancer, or the clock that appears on the screen when slide software runs in Presentation mode.

If you find yourself short on time, skip details but never speed up, says Michael F. Hochella Jr., a geochemist at Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University. "The amount of material you get through is a secondary concern or even of tertiary importance compared with making the material you do get through understandable," Hochella says.

3. Tell a simple story.

Advisers instruct young scientists to fight the urge to describe every experiment in the order that they did it. "The best strategy is to build your presentation around the key findings that you want the audience to remember when you are done," says Thomas H. Epps III, a chemical engineer at the University of Delaware.

4. Emphasize the big picture.

Explaining what motivated your study and putting the research in a broader context is important for even experienced researchers to hear, Hochella says. "The audience often likes to hear the general underlying ideas that many of them don't spend enough time thinking about," he adds.

5. Develop clean transitions.

The audience will need some hand-holding between points and slides. "A speaker must lead his audience through a story," says Kevin W. Plaxco, a biochemist at the University of California, Santa Barbara. "In practice, it takes tremendous effort and creativity." Plaxco and other presenters say making those connections smooth and logical is essential to maintaining the audience's attention.

6. Limit the data tables and jokes.

The consensus is to keep slides readable and neat. Avoid data tables and dense text. Agre adds that presenters should steer clear of trying too hard to be funny because humor can backfire.

7. Practice, practice, practice.

Saying the story out loud beforehand has a few purposes: to get feedback on content, to manage time, and to familiarize yourself with the material. Even seasoned presenters such as Nobel Prize winners and full professors run through a new talk in front of their research groups. Tomiki Ikeda, a polymer chemist at Tokyo Institute of Technology and a native Japanese speaker, says he practices his talks out loud several times—especially the ones in English.

To get past jitters, many scientists memorize what they intend to say for the first few slides.

8. Dress appropriately.

The audience should see from your appearance that you are taking this opportunity seriously, says J. Justin Gooding, a surface chemist at the University of New South Wales, in Australia. In general, chemists and engineers advise conservative attire for both men and women. In North America, Europe, and Australia, suits are optional. In Asia or at medical conferences, presenters usually wear suits.

You should ask colleagues what is typical before you get to the conference or interview, suggests William J. Jenkins, a physicist at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.

9. Welcome questions.

Queries from audience members can give you great ideas for how to move research projects forward. Interviewers will have questions and will listen carefully to your replies. A good way to start your response is to paraphrase the question so the rest of the audience can hear it and to check that you understand it, Plaxco says. Epps also suggests pausing for at least two breaths before answering to give yourself a bit of time to collect your thoughts and answer coherently.

10. Breathe and smile.

Your brain works better if it gets oxygen, and the audience will take some cue about how to receive your work from your facial expression. Advisers add that conference attendees or interviewers will be more receptive to your work if you look happy, make eye contact, and speak with confidence and pride.

去年暑假去小王那，打印了些MacMillan的文章，但只看了几篇

虽然我不是做这个的，但长长见识也好。把MacMillan2000年后的文章好好研读看看

牛人的牛文

据说MacMillan所发文章，必为精品

博观：指大量的看书，多多阅读，了解事物；约取：指少量的慢慢的拿出来。

厚积：指大量地、充分地积蓄；薄发：指少量地、慢慢地放出。多多积蓄，慢慢放出。形容只有准备充分才能办好事情。

其实上面两句话的意思差不多，总的意思就是指要经过长时间有准备的积累即将大有可为，施展作为。

Paul Dirac，是我最崇拜的物理学家之一。学物理的人可能都曾经把Einstein，Paul Dirac这样的理论家作为偶像。Dirac曾说，it is more important to have beauty in one's equations than to have them fit experiments，Einstein也表达过类似的意思，特别是晚年他一门心思搞统一场论的时候，所能凭借的也只有beauty，simplicity，symmetry这样一些美学观念了，和现在那些做弦论的差不多。

Dirac是个理论物理学家，而理论物理学家在大众眼里多少有些神神道道的感觉。Dirac本人确实也有些古怪，和理论物理学家的这种形象颇为符合，我们不妨猜测他的大脑皮层具有和常人不尽相同的拓扑结构。总的来说，他把作为一个伟大理论家的逻辑思维使用到生活的每一方面——当然不仅仅是物理学。下面来聊几则他的anecdotes。

这不是一个问题
有一次Dirac在University of Toronto作报告，到了提问时间，有人起来说：“Dirac教授，我不明白你怎么推出黑板左上角的那个公式。”。Dirac回答如下：“这是一个陈述(statement)，不是一个问题。下一个问题。”

Dirac论Dostoevski
俄国物理学家Peter Kapitza借给Dirac一本Dostoevski(即陀思妥耶夫斯基)的小说《罪与罚》的英译本。过一阵Dirac把小说还给Kapitza，Kapitza问Dirac，“你觉得这本书怎么样？”
Dirac答道：“很不错。但是其中有一章里作者犯了个错误。他在同一天里描写了两次日出。”这是Dirac对Dostoevski小说的唯一评论。

Dirac论诗歌
Oppenheimer曾经在Gottingen工作过一段时间。有一天伟大的数学物理学家，Dirac，来找他。Dirac问道：“奥兄，他们都说你在写诗。我不能理解一个人怎么能够在做物理学的前沿研究的同时还写诗。这两件事是完全相反的。科学是用每个人都能懂的话把之前没有人知道的东西说出来，而诗歌则是用没人能懂的话说一些人人都已经知道的事情。”(注：个人觉得Dirac的这个评论非常精辟。)

Wigner的妹妹
物理学家们都知道Dirac的妻子是匈牙利物理学家Eugene Wigner的妹妹。Dirac的一个老朋友，那时还不知道Dirac已经结婚，到Dirac家串门，看到Dirac和一个非常attractive的女人在一起。她上了茶之后就非常舒服地坐在了沙发上。朋友：“How do you do?”，同时奇怪这个女人是谁。"Oh!"，Dirac说，“我忘了介绍了，这位是……这位是Wigner的妹妹”。(后来Gamov向Dirac夫人求证此事,D夫人说Dirac实际上说的是：“这位是Wigner的妹妹，现在是我的妻子。”

Dirac的墓碑上刻着他最著名的工作：电子的相对论性波动方程，即Dirac方程。